All other items can be found in zip file
on index page
General
1. Priority in the Orchestra
a. Historically first “Choir” established
b. Enormous Range from lowest C on Piano to highest E
c. Wide Dynamic Range
e. Homogenous Tone Color in all dynamics btwn and across choir
f. Diversity of Sound via bowing
g. Ability to Sound & Sustain Continuous (vs. winds or Brass, Perc)
Tschaikovsky Serenade for Strings Mvt 1
Suk Serenade for Strings
Dvorak
- Serenade for strings Op.22
Shostakovich Quartet 8 Op 110 Mvt. 3 Electric Guitar
Shostakovich Quartet 8 Op 110 Mvt. 3 String Quartet
2. Construction violin_parts.jpg
a. Scroll b. Peg box c. Pegs d. Nut
e. Nect f. Fingerboard g. Strings h. F Hole
i. Bridge j. Tailpiece K. Table
3. Tuning Open Strings
a. Violin G-D-A-E
b. Viola C-G-D-A
c. Celli C-G-D-A
e. Bass (C)-E-A-D-G (explain extension Philharmonia Movie: extension.mov)
Contra Bass Extension
Image: violin_parts.jpg
Image: Various instrument jpgs
The
technique of playing two notes simultaneously on a bowed stringed
instrument such as a violin, a viola, a cello, or a double bass. In
performing a double stop, two separate strings are bowed or plucked
simultaneously. Although the term itself suggests these strings are to
be fingered (stopped), in practice one or both strings may be
open. A triple stop is the same technique applied to three
strings; a quadruple stop applies to four strings. Double, triple, and
quadruple stopping are collectively known as multiple stopping.
Double Stops (2 notes)
a. Two or more notes played at the same time
b. Warning about open string - non playable stops
c. On Bass must include open string.
d. Explain triple and quadruple stops
Triple and Quadruple Stops (3 & 4 notes) Philharmonia Movie 4noteshords.mov (note how it is impossible to
play all 4 notes exactly at the same time. The player must break the
bow across the strings)
a. Practicality of stops in an orchestra
vs. Divisi
b. a3, a4, by stand
Adler Audio: Follow score in book: Track
1 Track 2
4. Glissando and Portamento
a. Glissando =glissando.mp4 Slide finger on string
b. Portamento.mov = connectedness of pitches minimal
slide. Its sort of like a glissandi but more expressive and more a
"state of mind" The player thinks "connect the notes" more than slide
from one note to the next. It is essentially an expressive device which
was very popular in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It has that old
movie sound.
a. Heavier at Frog (Au Talon), Lighter at Tip (Punto dArco)
b. Limit to how many notes can be slurred (tempi, dynamic)
c. Bass and Celli bows are shorter
